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| ADJ |
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| /tʌf/ |
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| 1 | difficult 困难的；艰难的 |
| He’ s having a really tough time at the moment. 他现在的日子过得真艰难。 |
| It was a tough decision to move to London. 迁居伦敦是个很难作出的决定。 |
| Many companies are facing tough competition. 许多公司正面临着激烈的竞争。 |
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| 2 | strong and able to deal with difficult situations or pain 强壮的；坚强的；能应对困境的 |
| I think she’ ll be all right because she’ s very tough. 我想她会没事的，她很坚强。 |
| as tough as old boots (=very tough) Don’ t worry about me. I’ m as tough as old boots. 我想她会没事的，她很坚强。 |
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| 3 | confident and determined to get what you want 自信而坚定的；强硬的 |
| a tough businessman 强硬的商人 |
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| 4 | very strict and severe 严格的；严厉的 |
| The report contained tough criticism of the company’ s management style. 报告对公司的管理方式提出了严厉的批评。 |
| She’ s campaigning for tough new laws on industrial pollution. 她正致力于制定严厉的新法律来遏制工业污染。 |
| be tough on The new mayor intends to be tough on crime. 新市长打算要严厉打击犯罪。 |
| get tough with (=deal with in a severe way) She promised to get tough with people who claim benefits fraudulently. 对…采取强硬措施；严肃处理 |
| take a tough stance/stand We must take a tough stance against terrorism. 我们一定要采取强硬立场反对恐怖主义。 |
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| 5 | food , especially meat , that is tough is very difficult to cut and chew （尤指肉类等食物）老的，难切的，难嚼的 |
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| 6 | difficult to break or damage 不易破损的；坚固的 |
| The tool is made from a very tough and resilient steel. 该工具是用一种坚硬且弹性好的钢材制成的。 |
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| 7 | likely to behave in a violent way 有暴力倾向的 |
| a couple of tough-looking lads 几个长相凶狠的少年 |
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| 8 | a tough place is one in which there is a lot of crime and violence 犯罪率高的；暴力事件多的 |
| He grew up in a tough inner-city neighbourhood. 他成长在案件频发的市中心地区。 |
| PHRASES |
| - | tough luck
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| 1 | used for saying that you have no sympathy for someone 不幸，倒霉（用于不同情对方时） | Well, tough luck! I’ m not going to do what he wants. 唉，算他倒霉吧！我才不做他要我做的那件事呢。 | |
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| 2 | used for saying that you are sorry that something bad has happened to someone 运气真不好（用于对对方的不幸遭遇表示同情） | Tough luck about your job, I hope you’ ll find another one soon. 你工作上的运气可真不好，希望你能很快找到别的工作。 | |
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| - | tough shit impolite
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| used for saying that you have no sympathy for someone |
| 活该倒霉 |
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| DERIVED WORD |
| toughly adv |
| a toughly worded message 措词强硬的信息 |
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| toughness noun U |
| An athlete needs to show both physical and mental toughness. 运动员不仅要表现出强健的体魄，还要表现出坚强的意志。 |
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| Words frequently used with tough | | tough 的常见搭配词 | | nouns | assignment, battle, call, challenge, choice, decision, fight, target, task, | 1 | | | |
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