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| FUNCTION WORD |
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| /səʊ/ |
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| 1 | used for emphasis
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| | 1a | used for emphasizing a quality , feeling , or amount 这么，那么，多么（用于强调质量、感觉或数量） | | I’ m so glad you could come. 我真高兴你能来。 | | Thank you for looking after me so well. 谢谢你把我照顾得这么好。 | | The food’ s wonderful, but it’ s so expensive! 这些食物好极了，只是太贵了！ | | so much/many Like so many great artists, he died young. 像很多伟大的艺术家一样，他英年早逝。 | |
| | 1b | used when you are emphasizing a fact by saying what the result of it is 如此（用于说明结果以强调事实时） | | The children couldn’ t sleep, they were so excited. 孩子们无法入睡，他们太激动了。 | | so...(that) The road surface became so hot that it melted. 路面热得熔化了。 | | Everything’ s changed so much I can scarcely recognize the place. 一切都变化如此之大，我几乎认不出这个地方了。 | | so...as to be His comments on the book were so childish as to be not worth considering. 他对这本书的评论太幼稚，不值得考虑。 | |
| | 1c | used for saying that someone does something a lot or feels something strongly 如此（用于表示程度强烈） | | so love/enjoy/appreciate etc She so loved watching the children play. 她非常喜欢看孩子们玩耍。 | | worry/suffer etc so You shouldn’ t worry so. Nothing’ s going to happen to us. 你不必这么担心，我们不会出什么事。 | |
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| 2 | used instead of repeating what has just been said
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| | 2a | used for referring back to a possibility , fact , or situation that has just been mentioned 如此，这样（用于指代刚刚提及的可能性、事实或情况） | | I think/suppose/expect/hope etc so You’ re in love with Rita, aren’ t you? I thought so. 你爱上了丽塔，不是吗？我想是这样的。 | | ‘You’ re not really going to resign?’ ‘No, I don’ t suppose so.’ “你没有真的打算要辞职吧？”“是的，我没有真打算要辞职。” | | say so/tell sb so If you wanted to leave early, you should have said so. 如果你想早离开，你早该这么说了。 | | so they say/so they tell me/so I understand I’ m a quick learner. Or so they tell me. 我学东西很快，或者说他们是这么告诉我的。 | | if so Does the President intend to go to Moscow? And if so, when? 总统打算去莫斯科吗？如果是的，什么时候去？ | | more so/less so/very much so ‘Is Sybil the outdoor type?’ ‘Oh yes, very much so.’ “西比尔喜欢户外活动吗？”“是的，非常喜欢。” | |
| | 2b | used for saying that something that was just said is also true about another person or thing 同样，照样，也（用于表示说过的事也适用于另一人或物） | | so is/does/can/will etc sb Heidi is planning to come, and so is Sylvia. 海迪打算来，西尔维亚也打算来。 | | My parents send their love, and so does Rachel. 我的父母向你问好，雷切尔也向你问好。 | | ‘I’ d like to know what’ s happening out there.’ ‘So would I.’ “我想知道外面发生了什么事。”“我也想知道。” | | If I learned how to drive a car, so can you. 要是我能学会开车，你也能。 | |
| | 2c | used for emphasizing that what has been said about someone or something is right 的确，确实（用于强调所说的话） | | They called him a hero, and so he is. 他们称他为英雄，而他的确是英雄。 | |
| | 2d | used for saying or asking whether a statement is true 事实如此的，真的（用于陈述或询问） | | Despite reports that the mayor was considering resigning, he has said that that is not so. 尽管报道说市长在考虑辞职，但市长说事实并非如此。 | | is that so? ‘Prices are down by 30% or more.’ ‘Is that so?’ “价格下降了30%或更多。”“是真的吗？” | |
| | 2e | to do what has just been mentioned 这样做 | | In 1998 the government promised to reform the law, but it has not yet done so. 1998年政府承诺要对法律进行改革，但是还未付诸实施。 | |
| | 2f | used for reminding someone that things have happened in the way you said they would 我对你说过的（用于提醒） | | ‘I’ m feeling sick – I shouldn’ t have eaten all that pudding.’ ‘Well, I told you so.’ “我感到不舒服，我不应该把所有布丁都吃光。” “瞧，我对你说过的。” | |
| | 2g | used for saying that you accept a situation in which something has been decided or is necessary , although you are not happy about it 就那样吧（用于表示勉强接受） | | If you’ ve really decided to quit the music business, then so be it. 如果你确实决定了要离开音乐业，那么就随你的便吧。 | |
| | 2h | used for agreeing with what someone has said and showing that you are a little surprised by it 可不是吗，的确（用于表示同意某人所说的话并且稍显吃惊） | | ‘Look at the picture again – isn’ t that your Uncle Toby?’ ‘So it is!’ “再看看这张照片，这不是你的托比舅舅吗？”“可不是嘛！” | |
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| 3 | because of what has just been mentioned
used for saying that something happens, or someone does something because of what you have just mentioned 因此；所以 |
| She thought there might have been an accident, so she called the police. 她想可能发生了事故，所以她报了警。 |
| He was born in France, so he also has a French passport. 他在法国出生，因此他也有法国护照。 |
| A tree had fallen across the road, so they had to turn round and go back. 一棵树横倒在路上，所以他们只得调头回去。 |
| +that The window was covered so that it was not possible to see inside. 窗户被遮住了，所以不可能看见里面。 |
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| 4 | used in comparisons
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| | 4a | used for saying that one person or thing has less of a particular quality than another 不如… | | The Rosario family managed to flee, but others were not so lucky. 罗瑟一家设法逃离了，但是其他人不如他们幸运。 | | It’ s an attractive car but not so exciting to drive as the Ford Mustang. 这是辆漂亮的轿车，但开起来不如福特野马那么刺激。 | | The idea is not so silly as it sounds. 这个主意并不像听起来那样荒唐。 | |
| | 4b | used for showing that there is a connection between two situations or actions 正如…，…也一样（用于表示两种情况或行为之间有联系） | | Just as the body needs regular exercise, so too an engine needs to be run at regular intervals. 正如身体需要经常锻炼一样，发动机也需要每隔一段时间就运转一下。 | |
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| 5 | used for stating a purpose
used for saying what the purpose of an action is 为了，以便（用于陈述目的） |
| +(that) He lowered his voice so that no one should hear. 他压低嗓音，这样就没人能听得见。 |
| I’ ll get a map so we can plan where we’ re going. 我要去弄一张地图，这样我们才能计划去哪里。 |
| so as (not) to do sth In Tehran the wives of foreign diplomats wore headscarves so as not to offend the Iranians. 在德黑兰，为了不冒犯伊朗人，外国外交官的夫人们都戴头巾。 |
| The Athletics Federation has introduced stricter regulations so as to prevent cheating. 田径运动联合会为防止作弊推行了更严格的规定。 |
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| 6 | spoken used for starting a statement in a conversation
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| | 6a | used for continuing a conversation , especially for starting a new subject or starting to ask a question 那么（用于使谈话继续，尤指用于引出新话题或开始问问题） | | So, let’ s get down to business. 那么，让我们言归正传吧。 | | So, what do you suggest we do to make up the lost time? 那么，你建议我们如何弥补损失的时间呢？ | |
| | 6b | used for introducing a question in order to make sure that what you have heard or noticed is correct 这么说（用于引出问题以确认所听到或注意到的事情） | | So, you’ ve finally decided to come with us? 这么说，你终于决定和我们一起来了？ | |
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| 7 | in such a way
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| | 7a | used when showing someone how something should be done 这样，像这样，照这样（用于演示如何做某事） | | Tie the two ends together, like so. 把两头扎在一起，像这样。 | | Grasp the handle with both hands, so. 用双手抓住把手，这样。 | |
| | 7b | used when describing something and using your hands to show its size 这样（用于描述某物并以手势表明其大小） | | I need a couple of metal rods about so long. 我需要两根大约这么长的金属棒。 | |
| | 7c | used for saying that someone makes or arranges something in such a way that there is a particular result 这样（用于表示做或安排某事的方式导致某种结果） | | Each course of studies was so arranged that students could combine their education with part-time work. 每门课程的安排方式使学生能够边学习边干点兼职工作。 | | The architect had so designed the rooms that every window overlooked the lake. 建筑师把这些房间设计成每扇窗都俯瞰着这个湖。 | |
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| 8 | spoken used for saying that a particular fact is not important
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| | 8a | used for introducing a known fact before you make a comment to show that it does not matter 的确，不错（用于引出已知事实，然后再作评论说明并无大碍） | | Okay, so the guy made a few mistakes. That doesn’ t mean he isn’ t a good player. 好吧，不错，这个人是犯了几个错误。那并不意味着他不是个好选手。 | |
| | 8b | used for saying in a slightly rude way that what someone has said does not matter or is not important 那有什么关系？那有什么了不起？ | | ‘Someone might see us.’ ‘So what? We’ re not doing anything illegal.’ “有人可能会看见我们。”“那有什么关系？我们又不是在做非法的事情。” | |
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| 9 | used for stating a limit
used for saying that a number or amount is limited 这么（多）（用于表示有限的数量） |
| I can only listen to her complaints for so long before I start to get angry. 她的抱怨我只能听这么一会儿，再多我就要开始发怒了。 |
| only so much/many We have only so much time before the exams start. 考试开始前我们只有这么多时间。 |
| There are only so many police officers available for controlling the crowds. 只能调动这么多警察出来控制人群。 |
| PHRASES |
| - | and so on/forth
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| used instead of mentioning more of a similar type of thing that has already been mentioned |
| 诸如此类；等等 |
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| They have a right to their own culture, their own religion, their own language, and so on. 他们有权拥有自己的文化、宗教、语言等等。 |
| Employees were always complaining about their wages, their working conditions, and so forth. 雇员总是在抱怨他们的工资、工作环境等等。 |
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| - | not so
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| not very |
| 不太；不很 |
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| I was born down in Armagh, not so far from where my parents live now. 我出生在阿马，离我父母现在的住处不太远。 |
| Skiing really isn’ t so hard – you should try it. 滑雪真的不很难，你应该试一试。 |
| not so very Most of her ideas are not so very original. 她的大部分想法并不太新颖。 |
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| - | or so
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| used for showing that a number or amount is not exact , but it is more than the number or amount you have mentioned |
| 左右；上下 |
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| The job won’ t take long – about twenty minutes or so. 这活儿不会花太长时间，大约20分钟左右就行。 |
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| See also | | - just 1 | | - long 2 | |
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