| |
|
| VERB |
| |
|
| weak /bi/ |
|
|
| strong /biː/ |
|
| |
| |
| 1 | auxiliary verb used in progressive verb tenses
used for forming the progressive tenses of verbs, that are used for showing actions that are in progress at a particular point in time （用于构成动词的进行时态，表示动作在某一时刻正在进行）在，正在 |
| Is everyone listening? 每个人都在听吗？ |
| I’ m studying English Literature. 我正在学习英国文学。 |
| We were having breakfast when Terry phoned. 特里打来电话时我们正在吃早餐。 |
| |
| 2 | auxiliary verb used in passive verb forms
used for forming the passive form of verbs （用于构成动词的被动形式）被，由 |
| Her husband was killed in the war. 她的丈夫在战争中牺牲。 |
| The orchestra will be conducted by David Norton. 乐队将由戴维·诺顿指挥。 |
| |
| 3 | linking verb used in descriptions
used for giving information about someone or something , by giving their name , job , position etc, describing them , or saying where they are （用于提供有关某人或某物的信息） |
| Calvin Schultz is our Marketing Director. 卡尔文·舒尔茨是我们的市场部主任。 |
| He wants to be an actor when he leaves school. 他想当演员。 |
| It was a cold frosty morning. 这是个严寒的早晨。 |
| Baltimore is not far from Washington. 巴尔的摩离华盛顿不远。 |
| Tom’ s from a small town in Canada. 汤姆来自加拿大。 |
| Who’ s in charge of the Finance Department? 谁负责财务部门？ |
| Nancy is tall and very thin. 南希个子很高又特别瘦。 |
| |
| 4 | linking verb used for talking about behaviour
used for saying how someone behaves, or for telling them how to behave （用于谈论某人的行为如何，或告知他们如何去做） |
| I’ m afraid your daughter’ s been behaving badly again. 很遗憾，你的女儿又表现不好了。 |
| Be quiet! I can’ t hear what they’ re saying. 安静！ |
| Don’ t be silly. 别犯傻了。 |
| |
| 5 | I formal existence
to exist 存在；生存 |
| a way of life that has long since ceased to be 消失了很久的一种生活方式 |
| PHRASES |
| - | been there, done that spoken
|
| used to say that you have done something and are no longer interested in it |
| 已经做过了，不再感兴趣 |
| |
| |
| - | being...
|
| used for giving an explanation of something |
| （用于解释某事）由于，因为 |
| |
| Being younger than the others, I always had to wear their old clothes. 因为我年纪比其他人小，所以我总是得穿他们的旧衣服。 |
| |
| - | being as informal
|
| a way of saying ‘because’ that many people do not consider to be correct |
| 因为（许多人认为这种用法不正确） |
| |
| |
| - | be that as it may mainly spoken
|
| used for saying that even if something is true , it does not affect your opinion |
| 即使如此；尽管那样 |
| |
| Be that as it may, I still think Mr Livingstone is the best man for the job. 尽管那样，我还是认为利文斯通先生是这份工作的最佳人选。 |
| |
| - | be to do sth formal
|
| |
| 1 | used for telling someone what to do 要做某事；应该做某事 | You are to stay here until I send for you. 你就在这里呆着，直到我让人来叫你。 | |
| |
| 2 | used for saying what has been arranged 安排做某事 | The ceremony is to take place in the palace grounds. 庆典安排在王宫举行。 | |
| |
| 3 | used for saying or asking what should be done 应该（用于说或问应该做什么） | What are we to do? 我们该做什么？ | | You are to be congratulated on your wise decision. 应该祝贺你作出了明智的决定。 | |
| |
| 4 | used in an ‘if’ clause for suggesting a possible aim when you are saying what must happen in order to achieve it （用在if引导的条件句中，表示某个可能的目标） | If we are to compete successfully in world markets, we must invest more money in education and training. 如果我们要在世界市场的竞争中取得成功，我们必须在教育和培训上投入更多资金。 | |
| |
| 5 | used about someone or something in the past to say what would happen at a later time （用来指过去的某人或某事将来会怎样） | the boy who was to become king 那个后来成为国王的男孩 | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| - | have been to...
|
| used for saying that someone has gone to a place and returned |
| 去过…（表示某人去过某地并且已经返回） |
| |
| Have you ever been to Venice? 你去过威尼斯吗？ |
| Where have you been? 你去哪里了？ |
| I’ ve been to London. 我去过伦敦。 |
| |
| - | there is/there are
|
| |
| 1 | used for saying that someone or something is in a particular place （用来表示某人或某物在某处） | There’ s a woman in the other room who wants to talk to you. 另一个房间有位女士想跟你谈话。 | | How many people were there at the concert? 有多少人参加了音乐会？ | |
| |
| 2 | used for saying that someone or something exists or that something happens （用来表示某人或某物存在或发生了某事） | There is a small problem that we need to discuss. 有个小问题我们需要讨论。 | | There have already been four serious accidents on this stretch of road. 这一路段已经发生了4起严重的事故。 | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| - | were sb/sth to do sth formal
|
| used in a conditional clause for describing a situation that is not real or that is very unlikely to happen |
| 如果…做某事（用于条件从句中，描述不真实或不可能发生的情况） |
| |
| Were Shakespeare to return today, he would be amazed to find his plays being studied in schools. 如果今天莎士比亚复活的话，他会吃惊地发现他的剧本正在学校被人研读。 |
| |
| Usage note: be | | | | In conversation or informal writing am can be shortened to ’ m, is can be shortened to ’ s, and are can be shortened to ’ re在谈话或非正式书面语中am可缩写为’m，is可缩写为’s，are可缩写为’re:I’ m so glad you came.我很高兴你来了。Kay’ s still at the office.凯还在办公室。We’ re leaving tomorrow.我们打算明天离开。These short forms can be followed by not to make negative sentences这些缩写形式可后接not构成否定句:I’ m not surprised.我不吃惊。She’ s not very strong.她不太强壮。You’ re not helping.你不是在帮忙。Negative forms can also be shortened: am not can be shortened to aren’ t (but only in questions), is not can be shortened to isn’ t, are not can be shortened to aren’ t, was not can be shortened to wasn’ t, and were not can be shortened to weren’ t否定形式也可以缩写：am not可缩写成aren’t （只在疑问句中），is not可缩写成isn’t，are not可缩写成aren’t，was not可缩写成wasn’t，were not可缩写成weren’t:I’ m next, aren’ t I?我是下一个，对吗？Tom isn’ t coming.汤姆不会来。They weren’ t very nice.他们不是很友好。 | | | |
|