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| NOUN |
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| /ˈpenlti/ |
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| 1 | a punishment for breaking a rule or law 处罚；刑罚；惩罚 |
| +for The maximum penalty for the offence is two years’ imprisonment. 此种罪行的最高刑罚是两年监禁。 |
| severe/heavy/stiff/tough penalties There are severe penalties for companies who breach environmental laws. 违反环境法规的公司将受到严厉惩处。 |
| Under the law the president is able to impose tough penalties. 依照法律，总统可以施行严厉的处罚。 |
| carry a penalty The crime carries a much heavier penalty in the US. 这种罪行在美国受到的惩罚要重得多。 |
| | 1a | a punishment for breaking a rule in a game , sport , or activity （游戏、运动或活动中的）判罚，处罚 | | Riders can incur time penalties for failing to keep to their lane. 骑手们如果偏离跑道将被罚时。 | |
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| 2 | something bad that happens to you because of your behaviour or position in society （由于自身行为或社会处境造成的）恶果，不利之处 |
| +of/for Increased risk of skin cancer is one of the penalties of sunbathing. 日光浴的坏处之一就是增加了患皮肤癌的风险。 |
| pay the penalty (for sth) (=to suffer because of your behaviour) Some growers are paying the penalty for not watering crops sufficiently in hot weather. （因某事而）受苦，受损害 |
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| 3 | in football , rugby , and similar sports, a chance to score a goal or point without other players trying to take the ball off you . This is given to you because an opponent has broken a rule （足球、橄榄球及类似运动中的）罚球 |
| They scored from a penalty awarded when Jenkins handled the ball. 詹金斯手球犯规，结果他们罚球命中得分。 |
| take a penalty Beckham volunteered to take the crucial penalty. 贝克汉姆主动要求主罚那个至关重要的点球。 |
| miss a penalty Southgate missed a penalty that would have won them the match. 索斯盖特罚失了一粒本可令他们获胜的点球。 |
| kick a penalty (=in rugby) Fox kicked a last-minute penalty to give the All-Blacks a sensational victory. （橄榄球运动中）踢出罚球 |
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