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| CONJUNCTION |
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| /ɪf/ |
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| 1 | in a possible or imagined situation
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| | 1a | used for introducing a situation that may happen or may be real , especially when talking about its results （尤用于谈论可能发生或可能存在的情况的结果）如果，若 | | If we miss the last bus, we’ ll have to walk home. 如果我们错过末班车，就得步行回家。 | | If anyone has found a bunch of keys, would they please leave them on my desk. 若有人拾到一串钥匙，请放在我桌上。 | | if you want/like You can come and stay with us if you want. 如果你愿意，可以过来和我们呆在一起。 | | if so (=if this is true) Are you planning to return to work, and if so, who is going to look after the baby? 如果是的话 | | if not (=if this is not true) Has anyone dealt with the technical problems? And if not, why not? 如果不是的话 | | if necessary/if possible (=if it is necessary/possible) We are ready to fight for our rights if necessary. 如果必要/可能的话 | | I should like to be back here by 10.30 if possible. 如果可能的话，我会在 10∶30 前返回。 | |
| | 1b | used for introducing a situation or condition that must exist before something else happens （用于引出某事发生的条件）如果，前提是 | | Okay I’ ll come with you if you’ ll promise not to go too fast. 行，我和你一块来，前提是你保证不要走得太快。 | | only if The rebels say they are ready to stop fighting, but only if the prisoners are released. 叛乱者声称只有释放那些罪犯，他们才准备停止战斗。 | |
| | 1c | used for introducing a situation that does not exist now and is unlikely or impossible , especially when talking about its imaginary results （尤用于谈论不可能或不存在的情况的假想的结果）如果，假使 | | If Luke paid more attention in class, he would achieve better results. 如果卢克上课时再专心些，他会取得更好的成绩。 | | If Freud were alive today, he would approve of our methods. 假使弗洛伊德今天还活着，他会赞成我们的方法。 | | If you should happen to meet Diane, would you give her a message. 如果你真碰见黛安娜，帮我给她捎个信儿好吗？ | | If anyone were to complain, I should merely tell them to write to the manager. 如果有人投诉，我只会告诉他们写信给经理。 | | even if I’ d never sell this painting, even if they offered me a million dollars. 我决不会卖这幅画，即使他们出100万美元。 | |
| | 1d | used for introducing a situation that might have existed in the past but did not exist , especially when talking about what its results might have been （尤用于谈论过去本来可能存在却并不存在的情况的可能的结果）如果，要是 | | If I’ d known you were coming, I would have had a meal ready for you. 如果我早知你会来，我就会为你准备好饭了。 | | If the new safety system had been in use, the accident would never have happened. 要是新的保安系统已投入使用，这场事故决不会发生。 | |
| | 1e | used for asking what would happen in a particular situation 要是…，那怎么办？；如果…，那会怎样？ | | What if the boss walked in here now and saw us? 要是老板现在进来看到我们，那怎么办？ | | What if we just cancel the whole thing? 如果我们取消整件事，那会怎样？ | |
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| 2 | used when sth is always true
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| | 2a | used for introducing a situation that always has the same result , meaning , or effect （用于引出总是拥有同一结果、意义或效果的情况）只要，如果 | | I always get a headache if I watch too much television. 只要看电视时间过长，我就会头痛。 | | If you drive without insurance, you’ re breaking the law. 如果没有投保就开车，你就违法了。 | |
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| 3 | whether
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| | 3a | used in indirect questions that ask whether something is true （用于间接疑问句中）是否 | | She asked me if I was fond of music. 她问我是否喜欢音乐。 | | Can you tell me if they’ re planning to come? 你能告诉我他们是否打算过来吗？ | |
| | 3b | used when talking about something that is not certain （用于表示对某事不确定）是否 | | I doubt if anyone will be interested in the programme. 我怀疑是否有人会对这个计划感兴趣。 | | Palmer still hasn’ t decided if he’ s going to play in Saturday’ s match. 帕尔默还没有决定是否要参加星期六的比赛。 | |
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| 4 | used when sb may want to know sth
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| | 4a | used for introducing the reason that you think someone may want to know something （用于引出自己认为某人想要知道某事的原因）如果 | | There are plenty of taxis if you’ re in a hurry. 如果你要赶时间，这儿有许多出租车。 | | If you really want to know, I’ m fed up with this stupid job. 如果你真想知道的话，那就是我受够了这愚蠢的工作。 | | If anyone asks you where I am, I’ ll be in the library. 如果有人问起你我在哪里，说我会在图书馆。 | |
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| 5 | used for saying how you feel about a possibility
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| | 5a | used for saying how you feel about the possibility that something may happen or be true （用于表示对可能发生或存在的事情的感觉）如果 | | I’ m sorry if I’ ve said anything that has caused offence. 如果我说的话有冒犯之处，我表示抱歉。 | | I don’ t care if I never see her again. 如果再也见不到她，我也不在乎。 | |
| | 5b | used when expressing an opinion about an imagined situation （用于表示对设想之情况的看法）要是，如果 | | It would be a pity if they had to cancel the show. 如果他们不得不取消这场表演，那真是遗憾。 | | Wouldn’ t it be nice if we could spend more time with the children? 要是我们能和孩子们多呆一些时间不是很好吗？ | |
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| 6 | spoken used in requests
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| | 6a | used when politely asking someone to do something or when asking for permission to do something （用于表示礼貌地请某人做某事或请求某人的同意）如果 | | I should be grateful if you would send me further details of the programme. 如果您能给我寄些有关该计划的更详细的资料我将不胜感激。 | | if you don’ t mind/if it’ s all right with you If you don’ t mind, I’ d like to sit at the back. 如果你不介意，我想坐在后排。 | |
| | 6b | used when politely trying to add something to a conversation or discussion （用于表示试图在谈话或讨论中礼貌地补充某事物）如果 | | If I could just make a suggestion - why don’ t we invite Andrew to our next meeting? 如果我可以提个建议的话，我们何不邀请安德鲁参加我们的下一次会议？ | |
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| 7 | although perhaps
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| | 7a | used for introducing a remark that makes your description seem slightly less positive or certain （用于引出使自己的描述稍显不太肯定的评论）尽管 | | The stories are basically true, if a little exaggerated. 这些故事基本属实，尽管有一点儿夸张。 | | Donald’ s essays are always interesting, if sometimes rather careless. 唐纳德的文章总是很有趣，尽管有时候相当草率马虎。 | |
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| 8 | used when an explanation may be needed
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| | 8a | used for referring to something that someone may have noticed, before explaining the reason for it （用于表示某人可能已经注意到某事物，然后进行解释）如果，要是 | | If I seem angry sometimes, it’ s usually because I’ m very tired. 如果我有时看上去有些生气，通常是因为太累。 | |
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| 9 | possibly more or possibly less
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| | 9a | used for suggesting that something may possibly be more or less , better or worse etc than you have stated （用于表示某事物可能与所陈述的有出入） | | Fodor’ s predictions have seldom if ever been proved wrong. 福多尔的预言很少被证明是错的。 | | if not The changes will affect thousands, if not millions, of ordinary people. 这些变化即使不会影响到数百万普通民众，至少也会影响到几千人。 | |
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| 10 | spoken used for showing surprise
used for introducing a negative expression to emphasize that you think something is very surprising or shocking （用于引出否定表达方式，强调某事物令人吃惊或震惊） |
| Well, if that isn’ t the stupidest thing I ever heard! 啊，这简直是我听过的最愚蠢的事！ |
| PHRASES |
| - | if anything
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| used for saying how someone or something is different when you are not sure whether there really is any change or difference |
| （用于表示对人或事物是否真的有变化或区别并不确定）如果有什么不同，如果有什么变化 |
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| The situation is, if anything, worsening rather than improving. 事态要说有什么不同，那就是看上去恶化了，而非改善了。 |
| If anything, he looks younger and fitter than he did before. 要说他有什么变化，那就是比过去更年轻、更健康了。 |
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| - | if ever
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| used for emphasizing that a particular description is exactly right for someone or something |
| （用于强调某一描述特别适合某人或某事物）如果有… |
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| My son is a real sports fanatic if ever there was one. 如果有真正的体育迷的话，我儿子就是一个。 |
| If ever a school deserved this award, Westdale Primary is the one. 如果有哪个学校最应该获得这个奖项，那就是韦斯特代尔小学了。 |
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| - | if it were not for/if it had not been for
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| used for saying who or what prevented something from happening |
| 要不是（因为）；如果没有 |
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| If it hadn’ t been for the two men who rescued me, I’ d probably have drowned. 要不是那两个人救了我，我很可能已经淹死了。 |
| If it weren’ t for the fact that he’ s my father, I’ d accuse him in public. 要不是因为他是我父亲，我会当众指责他。 |
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| - | if I were you spoken
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| used when giving someone advice |
| 如果我是你；换成我 |
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| If I were you, I’ d stay away from Josh Harker – he’ s a bad character. 换成我，我会远远躲开乔希·哈克——他是个坏人。 |
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| - | if only mainly spoken
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| 1 | used for saying that you would like a situation to be different (用于表示希望境遇有所变化)但愿，真希望，要是…就好了 | If only we could afford to buy a place of our own. 我们要是能买得起属于自己的住所就好了。 | | If only you knew how hard I’ ve tried to please you. 真希望你能了解我费了多大的劲来逗你开心。 | | There’ s so much more I could do if only I had the time. 我还有好多事情可以做，要是我有时间就好了。 | |
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| 2 | used for saying that when something good happens, it may only be for a limited purpose , time etc 就算只是…都行；哪怕…都好 | I wish he’ d come round and see us sometime, if only just to say hello. 真希望他什么时候可以过来看看我们，哪怕只是打个招呼都行。 | |
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