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| ADJ |
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| /hɑːd/ |
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| 1 | stiff , firm , and not easy to bend or break 坚硬的；坚实的 |
| hard wooden benches 坚硬的木条凳 |
| The plastic was chosen because it is very hard and durable. 选择塑料是因为它坚实耐用。 |
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| 2 | difficult to do 困难的；费力的 |
| Some of the questions were very hard. 这些问题有的很难。 |
| find sth hard I found the English exam quite hard. 我发现英语考试题目很难。 |
| hard for sb to do sth It is hard for young people to get jobs in this area. 年轻人在这一地区找工作很难。 |
| hard to do sth It’ s hard to explain why I love this place so much. 很难解释为什么我这么喜欢这个地方。 |
| hard to believe I find it hard to believe that we’ re leaving England for good. 我很难相信我们将永远离开英格兰。 |
| | 2a | involving a lot of effort 辛苦的；费力的 | | Lifting stones this size is pretty hard work. 把这么大的石头抬起来是件很吃力的活儿。 | | I need to relax at the end of a hard day. 辛苦工作一天后我需要放松一下。 | |
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| 3 | unpleasant and full of problems 难以忍受的；艰难的 |
| My grandmother had a very hard life. 我祖母生活非常艰难。 |
| The family has had a hard time recently. 近来这家人生活很艰难。 |
| +on It’ s very hard on parents when their children are being bullied at school. 自己的孩子在学校里受到欺辱是很让父母难受的事。 |
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| 4 | strong and not easily frightened 强硬的；坚强的 |
| He likes to pretend he’ s hard, but he’ s really soft underneath. 他喜欢假装强硬，但实际上内心很柔弱。 |
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| 5 | unkind or cruel 无情的；冷酷的 |
| She was deeply hurt by his hard words. 他那番刻薄的话深深伤害了她。 |
| +on Don’ t be too hard on her - she was only trying to help. 不要太苛责她了，她只不过想帮忙而己。 |
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| 6 | using a lot of physical force 用力的；用劲的 |
| He gave the door a hard shove, and it opened. 他用力地推了一下门，门就开了。 |
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| 7 | hard water does not mix easily with soap because it contains a lot of minerals （水）硬的（含矿物质较多） |
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| 8 | a hard winter is a very cold winter 严寒的；寒冷的 |
| | 8a | a hard frost is very severe （霜冻）严重的 | |
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| 9 | only before noun hard facts are certain and can be proved 确凿的；可靠的 |
| We need some hard evidence to support our claim. 我们需要一些确凿的证据来支持我们的说法。 |
| PHRASES |
| - | as hard as nails informal
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| 1 | very strong and good at fighting 强硬的；强悍的 |
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| 2 | tending not to feel sympathy or other positive emotions 铁石心肠的；冷酷无情的 |
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| - | be hard on sth informal
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| to cause damage to something |
| 对某物造成损害 |
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| Aerobics is quite hard on the knees. 做有氧健身运动会对膝盖造成很大的损伤。 |
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| - | do sth the hard way
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| to have a bad experience doing something , often when this is your own fault |
| （通常由于自己的失误而）经历了做某事的痛苦 |
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| - | give sb a hard time informal
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| to be unpleasant to someone or criticize them a lot |
| 让某人难受；严厉批评某人 |
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| - | hard at it informal
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| doing something in a fast busy way |
| 使劲干；加油干 |
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| - | hard at work
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| working with a lot of effort |
| 努力工作 |
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| - | hard going informal
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| very difficult and needing a lot of effort |
| 很难的；很费力的 |
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| - | hard luck BRITISH spoken
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| 1 | used for saying that you feel sympathy for someone because something bad has happened to them 真不幸，真倒霉（用于表示同情） |
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| 2 | used for saying that you do not feel any sympathy about something bad that has happened to someone 活该 |
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| - | hard right/left
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| a turn directly to the right or left |
| 向右/左急转 |
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| Take a hard right just after the school. 一过学校马上右转。 |
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| - | the hard stuff informal
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| strong alcoholic drinks |
| 烈性酒 |
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| - | hard to come by informal
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| difficult to find or get |
| 很难找到；很难得到 |
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| Small cars are quite hard to come by in the States. 在美国很难找到小型汽车。 |
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| - | hard to take/swallow
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| difficult to accept or deal with |
| 难接受/难对付 |
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| His bad moods are a bit hard to take at times. 有时他的坏情绪让人很难接受。 |
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| - | learn the hard way
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| to learn how to do something by trying to do it and making a lot of mistakes |
| 吃力地学做某事 |
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| - | no hard feelings spoken
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| used for telling someone that you are not angry with them after an argument or disagreement |
| （用于争吵或发生分歧后对某人说）不介意，不生气 |
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| - | take a hard line
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| to deal with something in a very firm or strict way and refuse to change your opinion or decision |
| 采取强硬态度；采取强硬政策 |
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| The government is taking a hard line over tax avoidance. 政府对逃税采取了强硬政策。 |
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