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| FUNCTION WORD |
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| /fɜːst/ |
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| 1 | before any others or before everything else
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| | 1a | coming , happening , or starting before all the others 第一；首先；最初（的） | | He has two daughters from his first marriage and a son from his second. 他第一次婚姻给他带来两个女儿，第二次带来一个儿子。 | | Julia got there first, but Susan arrived just a few minutes later. 朱莉娅首先到达那里，不过苏珊几分钟后就来了。 | | I was first in the queue so I think I should be served first. 我排在第一位，所以我认为应该先得到服务。 | | the first The lecture is the first in a series that will be presented at the university. 该讲座是这所大学将要举办的系列讲座的第一讲。 | |
| | 1b | if you do something first , you do it before you do anything else 首先；先 | | First, let’ s go around the room and introduce ourselves. 首先，我们在房间里转转并作一下自我介绍吧。 | | Can’ t I just finish reading this article first? 难道我就不可以先看完这篇文章吗？ | |
| | 1c | used for introducing the thing that comes before the others in a series or list （用于介绍一连串事物或清单中的第一条）第一，首先 | | There is a strict procedure you must follow: first make sure the safety catch is on. 有一个你必须严格遵循的程序：首先务必将保险栓拉上。 | |
| | 1d | used for referring to a thing or place that you reach before any other when you are going somewhere （到达的）第一个 | | Take the first turning on the right. 在第一个拐弯处向右转。 | | It’ s the first house that you come to. 这是你看到的第一幢房子。 | |
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| 2 | never done before
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| | 2a | used for referring to something that has never happened before , or has not happened since a particular time 最初（的）；第一次（的） | | This will be Kenny’ s first trip overseas. 这将是肯尼第一次到海外旅行。 | | I first met him in 1980. 我1980年第一次见到他。 | | the first The strike is the first in the industry since 1987. 这是1987年以来该行业的首次罢工。 | | the first time I remember the first time I went to church. 我记得我第一次上教堂做礼拜的情景。 | |
| | 2b | used for referring to someone who does something that no one has ever done before , or that no one has done since a particular time 第一个（人）；第一位 | | Who was the first man on the moon? 谁是第一个登上月球的人？ | | ‘Has anyone else visited you?’ ‘No, you’ re the first.’ “还有其他人来看望过你吗？”“没有，你是第一个。” | | the first to do sth Hillary and Norgay were the first to climb Everest. 希拉里和诺盖是最早攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人。 | |
| | 2c | something that has never happened before and is therefore important or exciting 第一次 | | He cooked me a meal, which was a first for him. 他为我做了一顿饭，这对他来说是破天荒第一次。 | |
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| 3 | at the beginning of something
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| | 3a | at the beginning of a period of time , a situation , an activity etc （时间、情景、活动等）最初（的），开始（的） | | They borrowed $65 million to cover the first six months of 1993. 他们借了6500万美元来应付1993年前6个月的开支。 | | When I first started running, I could do a mile in nine minutes. 我刚开始跑的时候，跑1英里花9分钟。 | | The first few days of our holiday were wonderful. 我们假期开始的那几天过得很愉快。 | |
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| 4 | more important than anyone or anything else
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| | 4a | used for referring to the main or most important thing 首先；最 | | His first love was music. 他最喜欢的是音乐。 | | Our first consideration must be the safety of the passengers. 我们首先考虑的必须是乘客的安全。 | |
| | 4b | used for giving an important fact or reason that will be followed by other less important facts （重要事实或原因中）第一，首先 | | There are four reasons. First, the company has to make money. 有4个原因。第一，公司必须赚钱。 | |
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| 5 | better than anyone or anything else
better than anyone or anything else in a game , competition etc （比赛、竞赛等中）优胜，第一名 |
| Karen has always been first in her class. 卡伦总是她班上的第一名。 |
| come first Phil Gray came first in the under-12 competition. 菲尔·格雷在12岁以下年龄组的竞赛中获得第一名。 |
| first prize/place Crowe’ s book of poems won first prize in last year’ s competition. 克罗的诗集在去年的比赛中获得一等奖。 |
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| 6 | university degree
in the UK and Australia, the highest mark for an undergraduate degree from a university （英国和澳大利亚大学本科生获得的）最高成绩，优等学位 |
| get a first in sth He got a first in maths from Imperial College. 他获得了皇家学院的数学优等学位。 |
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| 7 | the lowest gear
used for referring to the lowest gear of a car , bicycle etc （汽车、自行车等的）一挡，最低挡 |
| Move down to first gear. 降到一挡。 |
| Now put the car in first. 现在把车开到一挡。 |
| PHRASES |
| - | at first
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| in the beginning before something changes |
| 起初；开始时 |
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| At first he wouldn’ t even talk about it. 开始时他甚至不愿意谈这件事。 |
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| - | at firstsight/glance
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| at the moment when you first see something or find out about something , before you know more details |
| 乍一看；乍看起来 |
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| At first glance, the theory seems to make a lot of sense. 乍看起来，这个理论似乎很有道理。 |
| There was nothing especially attractive about him at first sight. 他乍看起来并没有什么特别吸引人的地方。 |
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| - | comefirst
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| to be the most important person or thing to someone |
| （对某人来说）最重要，排在第一位 |
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| My children will always come first, and they know that. 我的孩子们永远是最重要的，他们是知道这一点的。 |
| +with Does business always come first with Luke? 卢克总是把生意放在第一位吗？ |
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| - | first and foremost
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| used for emphasizing the main point or the most important reason for something |
| 首先；首要的是 |
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| He was first and foremost an educator who cared about his students. 首先，他是一位关心学生的教育家。 |
| ‘Why not get a job that pays more?’ ‘First and foremost, because I really like what I’ m doing.’ “为什么不找一份报酬更多的工作呢？”“首先，因为我真的喜欢我现在的工作。” |
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| - | firstchoice
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| the thing or person you like more than all the others |
| 首选；第一选择 |
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| - | first come, first served
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| used for saying that if you arrive before other people you will be served or dealt with before them |
| 先来先招待 |
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| - | first of all spoken
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| 1 | used for introducing the first of several things that you are going to say 首先；第一 | First of all, I’ d like to give you a little background information. 首先，我想给你们讲一些背景知识。 | |
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| 2 | before doing anything else 首先 | First of all, clean the surface that you are going to paint. 首先，把要刷涂料的表面弄干净。 | |
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| - | first off spoken
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| used for introducing the first of a series of things that you are going to say |
| 首先 |
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| First off, I want to tell you how much I like your work. 首先，我想告诉你我是多么喜欢你的工作。 |
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| - | the first sb hears/knows of sth
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| the moment that someone hearsfinds out about something new , especially when other people already know about it |
| 当某人第一次听说/得知某事物的时候 |
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| - | first thing (in the morning)
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| at the very beginning of the day |
| 早上第一件事 |
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| - | first things first
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| used for saying that the most important things should be dealt with before anything else |
| 要紧的事应当先做 |
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| - | from the (very) first
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| from the beginning |
| 从一开始 他们会赢，这一点从一开始就很明显。 |
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| It was obvious from the first that they would win. |
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| - | in the firstinstance BRITISH formal
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| at the beginning of a series of actions |
| 在开始时；一开始 |
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| These scholarships will normally be awarded for one year in the first instance, with a likely extension. 这些奖学金通常一开始只颁发一年，有可能会延长。 |
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| - | in the firstplace
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| 1 | used for stating the most basic reason for something （用来陈述最根本的原因）首先 | There were several reasons he couldn’ t sleep. In the first place, Peg snored. 他有几个原因不能入睡。首先，佩格打鼾。 | |
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| 2 | at the beginning of a situation （在某种情况出现之初）首先 | If you don’ t like her, why invite her in the first place? 如果你不喜欢她，为什么首先邀请她呢？ | |
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| - | make the firstmove
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| to take action before anyone else |
| 首先采取行动 |
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| - | not know the firstthing/not have the firstidea about sth
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| to not know anything about a subject or not have the skills to do something |
| 对某事物一无所知；对某事物一窍不通 |
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| - | put sb/sth first
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| to decide that someone or something is more important than anything else |
| 把某人/某事物放在第一位 |
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| I always put my marriage first. 我总是把婚姻放在第一位。 |
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