gall

noun

/ɡɔːl/

[uncountable] rude behaviour showing a lack of respect that is surprising because the person behaving badly is not embarrassed鲁莽；厚颜无耻 synonym impudence
- Then they had the gall to complain!而且他们居然还有脸抱怨！
- I almost admired the utter gall of the man.我几乎佩服这个男人的胆量。
[uncountable] (formal) a bitter feeling full of hate怨恨；怨愤 synonym resentment
- words full of venom and gall充满恶毒怨恨的话。
[countable] a swelling (= an area that is larger and rounder than normal) on plants, trees and the skin of animals, caused by insects, disease, etc.瘿瘤，虫瘿（动植物因受病原刺激或虫害等而出现的局部增生）
(also bile)
[uncountable] (old-fashioned) the green-brown liquid with a bitter unpleasant taste that is produced by the liver to help the body to deal with the fats we eat, and that can come into your mouth when you vomit with an empty stomach胆汁
(also bile)
[uncountable] (formal) a strong feeling of anger or hating somebody/something愤怒；仇恨

Word Originnoun sense 1 and noun sense 4 Old English gealla (denoting bile), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch gal, German Galle ‘gall’, from an Indo-European root shared by Greek kholē and Latin fel ‘bile’. noun sense 2 Old English gealle ‘sore on a horse’, perhaps related to gall ‘rude behaviour’; superseded in Middle English by forms from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch. noun sense 3 Middle English: via Old French from Latin galla.

gall

verb

/ɡɔːl/

Verb Forms

present simple I / you / we / they gall	/ɡɔːl/ /ɡɔːl/
he / she / it galls	/ɡɔːlz/ /ɡɔːlz/
past simple galled	/ɡɔːld/ /ɡɔːld/
past participle galled	/ɡɔːld/ /ɡɔːld/
-ing form galling	/ˈɡɔːlɪŋ/ /ˈɡɔːlɪŋ/

gall somebody | it galls somebody to do something | it galls somebody that… to make somebody feel upset and angry, especially because something is unfair使烦恼，使愤怒（尤指因不公平引起）
- It galls me to have to apologize to her.非得向她道歉使我感到恼火。
see also gallingTopics Feelingsc2
Word Originverb Old English gealle ‘sore on a horse’, perhaps related to gall ‘rude behaviour’; superseded in Middle English by forms from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch.