budg·et
noun/ˈbʌdʒɪt/
/ˈbʌdʒɪt/
- [countable, uncountable] the money that is available to a person or an organization and a plan of how it will be spent over a period of time
预算 - an annual budget of £10 million
1 000 万英镑的年度预算 - a balanced budget (= one where the amount spent matches the amount available)
平衡预算（= 支出金额与可用金额相匹配的预算） - Many families struggle to balance the household budget.
许多家庭艰难地平衡家庭预算。 - to cut/slash a budget
削减预算 - the education/defence budget (= the amount of money that can be spent on this)
教育／国防预算 - an advertising budget of $2 million
预计 200 万美元的广告费 - It's one of those big-budget Hollywood movies.
这是一部巨额预算的好莱坞大片。 - on a budget We decorated the house on a tight budget (= without much money to spend).
我们俭省地装修了房子。 - on/within budget The work was finished on time and within budget (= did not cost more money than was planned).
工作按时完成且未超出预算。 - over budget They went over budget (= spent too much money).
他们超出了预算。 - under/below budget The project came in under budget.
这个项目未超出预算。 - in the budget Is there any money left in the budget?
预算中还有尚未动用的款项吗？ - The hospital now faces severe budget cuts.
该医院现在面临着严重的预算削减。 - a budget surplus/shortfall (= when there is more/less money than is needed)
预算盈余/短缺（=当资金多于/少于所需时）
Collocations BusinessBusinessRunning a business- buy/acquire/own/sell a company/firm/franchise
- set up/establish/start/start up/launch a business/company
- run/operate a business/company/franchise
- head/run a firm/department/team
- make/secure/win/block a deal
- expand/grow/build the business
- boost/increase investment/spending/sales/turnover/earnings/exports/trade
- increase/expand production/output/sales
- boost/maximize production/productivity/efficiency/income/revenue/profit/profitability
- achieve/maintain/sustain growth/profitability
- cut/reduce/bring down/lower/slash costs/prices
- announce/impose/make cuts/cutbacks
- break into/enter/capture/dominate the market
- gain/grab/take/win/boost/lose market share
- find/build/create a market for something
- start/launch an advertising/a marketing campaign
- develop/launch/promote a product/website
- create/generate demand for your product
- attract/get/retain/help customers/clients
- drive/generate/boost/increase demand/sales
- beat/keep ahead of/out-think/outperform the competition
- meet/reach/exceed/miss sales targets
- draw up/set/present/agree/approve a budget
- keep to/balance/cut/reduce/slash the budget
- be/come in below/under/over/within budget
- generate income/revenue/profit/funds/business
- fund/finance a campaign/a venture/an expansion/spending/a deficit
- provide/raise/allocate capital/funds
- attract/encourage investment/investors
- recover/recoup costs/losses/an investment
- get/obtain/offer somebody/grant somebody credit/a loan
- apply for/raise/secure/arrange/provide finance
- lose business/trade/customers/sales/revenue
- accumulate/accrue/incur/run up debts
- suffer/sustain enormous/heavy/serious losses
- face cuts/a deficit/redundancy/bankruptcy
- file for/ (North American English) enter/avoid/escape bankruptcy
- (British English) go into administration/liquidation
- liquidate/wind up a company
- survive/weather a recession/downturn
- propose/seek/block/oppose a merger
- launch/make/accept/defeat a takeover bid
Collocations FinanceFinanceIncome- earn money/cash/(informal) a fortune/the minimum wage/a living wage
- make money/a fortune/(informal) a killing on the stock market
- acquire/inherit/amass wealth/a fortune
- build up funds/savings
- get/receive/leave (somebody) an inheritance/a legacy
- live on a low wage/a fixed income/a pension
- get/receive/draw/collect a pension
- depend/be dependent on (British English) benefits/(North American English) welfare/social security
- spend money/your savings/(informal) a fortune on…
- invest/put your savings in…
- throw away/waste/ (informal) shell out money on…
- lose your money/inheritance/pension
- use up/ (informal) wipe out all your savings
- pay (in) cash
- use/pay by a credit/debit/contactless card
- pay by/make out a/write somebody a/accept a (British English) cheque/(US English) check
- change/exchange money/currency
- give/pay/leave (somebody) a deposit
- have/hold/open/close/freeze a bank account/an account
- credit/debit/pay something into/take money out of your account
- deposit money/funds in your account
- withdraw money/cash/£30 from an ATM, etc.
- (formal) make a deposit/withdrawal
- find/go to/use (especially North American English) an ATM/(British English) a cash machine/dispenser
- be in credit/in debit/in the black/in the red/overdrawn
- use a mobile/an online banking app/platform/service
- manage/handle/plan/run/ (especially British English) sort out your finances
- plan/manage/work out/stick to a budget
- offer/extend credit (to somebody)
- arrange/take out a loan/an overdraft
- pay back/repay money/a loan/a debt
- pay for something in (especially British English) instalments/(North American English usually) installments
- get into debt/financial difficulties
- be short of/ (informal) be strapped for cash
- run out of/owe money
- face/get/ (informal) be landed with a bill for £…
- can’t afford the cost of…/payments/rent
- fall behind with/ (especially North American English) fall behind on the mortgage/repayments/rent
- incur/run up/accumulate debts
- tackle/reduce/settle your debts
Extra ExamplesTopics Politicsb2, Moneyb2- All her projects are on time and on budget.
她的所有项目都按时、按预算完成。 - Costs have been held below budget.
成本一直维持在低于预算的水平。 - The project is now well over budget.
该项目现在已大大超出预算。 - The company must not go over budget.
公司一定不能预算超支。 - The IT department manages its own budget.
信息技术部门管理支配自己的预算。 - The organization has a large annual budget.
这个组织年度预算数目很大。 - The budget for next year has not yet been set.
下一年的预算还没有编制。 - The city has drawn up its budget for next year.
该市已拟定了明年的预算。 - Work out a weekly budget and stick to it.
编制一个每周预算并严格执行。 - They spent their entire budget on a new kitchen.
他们把整个预算都花在新厨房上了。 - The school has a struggle to balance its budget.
这所学校得费点儿周折才能达到预算平衡。 - The museum's operating budget for this year is just over $2 million.
博物馆今年的运营预算刚刚超过 200 万美元。 - This hotel caters for people on a tight budget.
这家宾馆适合预算不多的游客。 - The film was made on a shoestring budget.
这部电影是在预算有限的情况下制作的。 - The government is planning to double the education budget.
政府计划把教育经费增加一倍。 - The museum has an annual budget of £3 million with which to acquire new works of art.
该博物馆每年有 300 万英镑的预算用于购买新艺术品。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- fixed
- limited
- low
- …
- get
- have
- allocate
- …
- expenditure
- deficit
- shortfall
- …
- over budget
- under budget
- on budget
- …
- an annual budget of £10 million
- (British English also Budget)[countable, usually singular] an official statement by the government of a country’s income from taxes, etc. and how it will be spent
政府的年度预算 - Tax cuts are expected to be a major part of this year's Budget.
减税预计将成为今年预算的主要部分。 - a budget deficit (= when the government spends more money than it earns)
政府预算赤字 - The finance ministry is trying to reduce the budget deficit.
财政部正在努力减少预算赤字。 - Military spending accounts for around 17% of the federal budget.
军费支出占联邦预算的 17% 左右。
Collocations The economyThe economyManaging the economy- handle/run/manage the economy
- boost investment/spending/employment/growth
- stimulate demand/the economy/industry
- cut/reduce investment/spending/borrowing
- reduce/curb/control/keep down inflation
- create/fuel growth/demand/a boom/a bubble
- encourage/foster/promote/stimulate/stifle innovation/competition
- encourage/work with/compete with the private sector
- increase/boost/promote US/agricultural exports
- ban/restrict/block cheap/foreign imports
- the economy grows/expands/shrinks/contracts/slows (down)/recovers/improves/is booming
- enjoy an economic/housing/property boom
- push up/drive up prices/costs/inflation
- damage/hurt/destroy industry/the economy
- cause/lead to/go into/avoid/escape recession
- experience/suffer a recession/downturn
- fight/combat inflation/deflation/unemployment
- cause/create inflation/poverty/unemployment
- create/burst a housing/stock market bubble
- cause/trigger a stock market crash/the collapse of the banking system
- face/be plunged into a financial/an economic crisis
- be caught in/experience cycles of boom and bust
- cut/reduce/slash/increase/double the defence/education/aid budget
- increase/boost/slash/cut public spending
- increase/put up/raise/cut/lower/reduce taxes
- raise/cut/lower/reduce interest rates
- ease/loosen/tighten monetary policy
- balance the (state/federal) budget
- achieve/maintain a balanced budget
- run a ($4 trillion) budget deficit/surplus
- impose taxes/austerity measures
Culture the budgetthe budgetTo people in Britain the budget means an announcement made in autumn each year by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the minister in charge of finance, about the government's plans concerning taxation and public spending (= money to be spent by the government).On Budget Day the Chancellor explains in a long speech to the House of Commons the financial policy of the Treasury, plans for government spending, and how the money for this will be raised through taxation. There is then a debate on the budget, which lasts for several days, followed by a vote to accept or reject it. The speech is broadcast on national radio and television and is much discussed by financial and political experts. Photographs on Budget Day usually show the Chancellor holding up the red leather case in which the speech is contained. The word budget originally meant a small leather bag.Many people fear budget changes, because they usually mean tax increases rather than reductions, particularly on alcohol, tobacco and fuel. Some of these increases become effective immediately and car drivers may rush to buy fuel just before the budget. Budgets announced close to general elections usually contain fewer tax increases to avoid making the government unpopular.In the US the budget is a document describing how much money the government expects to have, and how it will use that money. Congress spends a lot of time discussing how much money each part of the government needs. Each member of Congress tries to make sure that as much money as possible will be spent in the area they represent. This is called pork-barrel politics, and money spent to benefit a particular place is called pork. When Congress has decided on a budget the President considers it. In the past the President had to approve or veto (= reject) the whole budget, but now they have a line-item veto and can veto an individual item. The Office of Management and Budget helps prepare the budget and checks how the money is spent.The US budget includes revenues (= sources of money) and spending (= amounts that will be spent). The government's largest source of money is income tax (= taxes taken out of the money that people earn from their jobs). Since the government's revenues are smaller than its spending, the US has a budget deficit (= a debt). Individual states also make budgets, and the laws of a particular state may say that it must not have a deficit (= spend more than it receives).Topics Moneyb2, Politicsb2Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- fixed
- limited
- low
- …
- get
- have
- allocate
- …
- expenditure
- deficit
- shortfall
- …
- over budget
- under budget
- on budget
- …
- Tax cuts are expected to be a major part of this year's Budget.
Word Originlate Middle English: from Old French bougette, diminutive of bouge ‘leather bag’, from Latin bulga ‘leather bag, knapsack’, of Gaulish origin. Compare with bulge. The word originally meant a pouch or wallet, and later its contents. In the mid 18th cent., the Chancellor of the Exchequer, in presenting his annual statement, was said “to open the budget”. In the late 19th cent. the use of the term was extended from governmental to other finances.