tur·bu·lence
noun/ˈtɜːbjələns/
/ˈtɜːrbjələns/
[uncountable]- a situation in which there is a lot of sudden change, trouble, argument and sometimes violence
骚乱；动乱；动荡；混乱 - a period of turbulence in the country’s history
该国历史上的动荡时期 - The country is facing a summer of political turbulence.
这个国家正面临着一个政治动荡的夏季。
- a period of turbulence in the country’s history
- a series of sudden and violent changes in the direction that air or water is moving in
（空气和水的）湍流，涡流，紊流 - We experienced severe turbulence during the flight.
我们在飞行中遇到了强烈的气流。
Collocations Travel and tourismTravel and tourismHolidays/vacationsTopics Transport by airc1- have/take (British English) a holiday/(North American English) a vacation/a break/a day off/(British English) a gap year
- go on/be on holiday/vacation/leave/honeymoon/safari/a trip/a tour/a cruise/a pilgrimage
- go backpacking/camping/hitchhiking/sightseeing
- plan a trip/a holiday/a vacation/your itinerary
- book accommodation/a hotel room/a flight/tickets
- have/make/cancel a reservation/(especially British English) booking
- rent a villa/(both British English) a holiday home/a holiday cottage
- (especially British English) hire/ (especially North American English) rent a car/bicycle/moped
- stay in a hotel/a bed and breakfast/a youth hostel/a villa/(both British English) a holiday home/a caravan
- cost/charge $100 a/per night for a single/double/twin/standard/(British English) en suite room
- check into/out of a hotel/a motel/your room
- pack/unpack your suitcase/bags
- call/order room service
- cancel/cut short a trip/holiday/vacation
- apply for/get/renew a/your passport
- take out/buy/get travel insurance
- catch/miss your plane/train/ferry/connecting flight
- fly (in)/travel in business/economy class
- make/have a brief/two-day/twelve-hour stopover/(North American English also) layover in Hong Kong
- experience/cause/lead to delays
- check (in)/collect/get/lose (your) (especially British English) luggage/(especially North American English) baggage
- be charged for/pay excess baggage
- board/get on/leave/get off the aircraft/plane/ship/ferry
- taxi down/leave/approach/hit/overshoot the runway
- experience/hit/encounter severe turbulence
- suffer from/recover from/get over your jet lag/travel sickness
- attract/draw/bring tourists/visitors
- encourage/promote/hurt tourism
- promote/develop ecotourism
- build/develop/visit a tourist/holiday/(especially British English) seaside/beach/ski resort
- work for/be operated by a major hotel chain
- be served by/compete with low-cost/(especially North American English) low-fare/budget airlines
- book something through/make a booking through/use a travel agent
- contact/check with your travel agent/tour operator
- book/be on/go on a package deal/holiday/tour
- buy/bring back (tacky/overpriced) souvenirs
- We experienced severe turbulence during the flight.
Word Originlate Middle English: from Old French, or from late Latin turbulentia, from turbulentus ‘full of commotion’, from turba ‘crowd’.