Oliver Cromwell
/ˌɒlɪvə ˈkrɒmwel/
/ˌɑːlɪvər ˈkrɑːmwel/
- (1599-1658) an English general and politician who for a short time ruled England, Scotland and Ireland. Cromwell was a Puritan who began his political career as the Member of Parliament for Huntingdon in 1628. When the English Civil War started in 1642, he gathered soldiers in his area to fight for Parliament and soon became the leader of the New Model Army and the greatest soldier in England. He was one of those who signed the death warrant of King Charles I in 1649. As a leader of the Commonwealth, he was responsible for the cruel treatment of those who were opposed to the Puritans in Ireland and Scotland. In 1653 Cromwell dismissed Parliament and became the Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland, with almost the same power as a king. He was offered the crown, but refused it. In 1658, he died of malaria and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Cromwell's son Richard took his place as Lord Protector for a short time after his death, but he did not have his father's gifts as a leader, and in 1660 Charles II became king at the Restoration. Oliver Cromwell's body was dug up and his head was put on a pole on the roof of one of the buildings in Westminster for 24 years. Cromwell is also remembered for a famous remark he made to the artist Peter Lely (1618-80). People often say that something or somebody should be shown warts and all, meaning that faults or unpleasant features should not be left out.“Mr Lely, I desire you would use all your skill to paint my picture truly like me, and not flatter me at all; but remark all these roughnesses, pimples, warts, and everything as you see me, otherwise I will never pay a farthing for it.”
（1599-1658）英国将军和政治家，曾短暂统治英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰。克伦威尔是一名清教徒，1628 年作为亨廷顿选区议员开始了他的政治生涯。1642 年英国内战爆发时，他在自己的地区集结士兵为议会而战，很快成为新模范军和新模范军的领导人。英国最伟大的士兵。他是1649年签署查理一世国王死刑令的人之一。作为英联邦领导人，他对爱尔兰和苏格兰那些反对清教徒的人的残酷对待负有责任。 1653年，克伦威尔解散议会，成为英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰的护国公，几乎拥有与国王同等的权力。有人向他提供王冠，但他拒绝了。 1658年，他死于疟疾，葬于威斯敏斯特教堂。克伦威尔的儿子理查德在克伦威尔死后短暂地担任了护国公，但他没有父亲的领导才能，1660年查理二世在复辟时成为国王。奥利弗·克伦威尔的尸体被挖出来，他的头被放在威斯敏斯特一栋建筑屋顶的柱子上长达24年。克伦威尔还因其对艺术家彼得·莱利（Peter Lely，1618-80 年）的一句著名言论而被人们铭记。人们常说，某事或某人应该暴露出缺点和全部，这意味着不应遗漏缺点或令人不快的特征。“莱利先生，我希望你能运用你所有的技巧，把我的画画得真正像我一样，而不是奉承我。”根本没有；但请注意所有这些粗糙、丘疹、疣和你所看到的我的一切，否则我永远不会为此付一分钱。”奥利弗·克伦威尔