Mal·colm X
/ˌmælkəm ˈeks/
/ˌmælkəm ˈeks/
- (1925-65) an African American leader, born Malcolm Little. He joined the Black Muslims in 1952, changed his 'slave name' to Malcolm X and became their leader in 1963. Their aim was to create a separate African-American nation, and he encouraged them to defend themselves using violence if necessary. In 1964, however, he left the Black Muslims to establish the Organization of Afro-American Unity, declaring that he was in favour of a peaceful struggle for civil rights. He was murdered, probably by Black Muslims, in Harlem. He wrote The Autobiography of Malcolm X (1964), and Spike Lee directed a film, Malcolm X (1992), with Denzel Washington in the main role.
(1925-65) 非裔美国领导人，原名马尔科姆·利特尔 (Malcolm Little)。他于 1952 年加入黑人穆斯林，将自己的“奴隶名字”改为马尔科姆·X，并于 1963 年成为他们的领导人。他们的目标是创建一个独立的非裔美国国家，他鼓励他们在必要时使用暴力自卫。然而，1964年，他离开黑人穆斯林，成立了非裔美国人团结组织，宣称他支持争取公民权利的和平斗争。他可能是在哈莱姆区被黑人穆斯林谋杀的。他撰写了《马尔科姆·艾克斯自传》（The Autobiography of Malcolm X，1964 年），斯派克·李执导了电影《马尔科姆·艾克斯》（Malcolm X，1992 年），由丹泽尔·华盛顿主演。