Joseph McCarthy
/ˌdʒəʊzəf məˈkɑːθi/, /ˌdʒəʊsəf məˈkɑːθi/
/ˌdʒəʊzəf məˈkɑːrθi/, /ˌdʒəʊsəf məˈkɑːrθi/
- (1908-57) a US politician. As a Republican Senator from Wisconsin he led a campaign against Communists in US society and government in the 1950s, during the Cold War. Important and well-known people were accused of being Communists or sympathetic to Communism, often without evidence, and forced to answer questions from the Senate Permanent Investigations Subcommittee, led by McCarthy. People were also encouraged to give information about their friends and those they worked with. Many people were forced from their jobs and ' blacklisted' (= prevented from getting jobs in future). In 1954 the US Senate officially condemned McCarthy's activities and his influence decreased. Most Americans are now unhappy that the McCarthy trials were allowed to happen, and admire anyone who opposed them or refused to give evidence.
(1908-57) 美国政治家。作为来自威斯康星州的共和党参议员，他在 20 世纪 50 年代冷战期间领导了一场针对美国社会和政府中的共产党人的运动。重要人物和知名人士经常在没有证据的情况下被指控为共产党员或同情共产主义，并被迫回答麦卡锡领导的参议院常设调查小组委员会的问题。还鼓励人们提供有关他们的朋友和共事者的信息。许多人被迫失业并被列入“黑名单”（=将来无法找到工作）。 1954年，美国参议院正式谴责麦卡锡的活动，他的影响力下降。大多数美国人现在对麦卡锡审判被允许进行感到不满，并钦佩任何反对他们或拒绝提供证据的人。