The area occupied by the monovalent exchange cation in the lattice layer of the montmorillonite and the determination ways of layer charge are presented. The different ways are compared.
蒙脱石晶层中单价交换阳离子所占据的面积及层电荷的确定方法，并对不同种方法进行了比较。
2
Removal mechanisms include ad-sorption-sorption of cations on the apatites, surface-complexation, dissolution-precipitation and ion-exchange between the aqueous cations and the lattice Ca2+.