Section three shows demand and supply theory including how to achieve an equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity, the effects of excess supply and demand on market equilibrium.
第三节显示需求和供给理论，包括如何实现均衡价格和均衡数量，超额供给和需求对市场均衡的影响。
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The Seller reserves the right to make excess or short deliveries of up to 5% of the quantity to be delivered for production-related technical reasons. There will be no refund for short deliveries.
If an effective price floor is imposed on a goods, the quantity demanded will be smaller than the quantity supplied, thus resulting in an excess supply or a surplus.