The test results reveal that the excessive settlement and lateral movement of the caissons are due to strength weakening of soft clay during the strong storm.

The results show that the excessive settlement and lateral movement of the caissons are due to the strength weakening of the soft clay during the strong storm, and also show that the ability of thes.

Considering the thick backfill and soft foundation soil in the cut-and-cover section of Jiadi tunnel, a pile-raft foundation is accepted in order to avoid negative effect due to excessive settlement.