Now micro robots have shown broad prospect of application in biomedicine, aeronautics and astronautics, military affairs, as they have low inertia, high resonance, short response time.

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) has broad applications in the study of the interactions of biological macromolecules, immunoassay, nucleic acid detection and so on.

Stochastic resonance in a broad sense means the output signal of the system is a non-monotonic function of some parameter of the noise, of the system or parameter of the input signal.