The third approach, which is not new, comprises a series of measures ranging from pricing to revitalising alternative modes of transport and targeting investment in the trans-European network.

There is a tip beside one of the fence posts, with an old television, broken furniture and bin liners. Yet this place belongs to the natura 2000 scheme, a European network of natural heritage sites.

The fifth resolution relaunched the European research network on the physiology of trees, called Eurosilva.