Recently, one of the emerging methods of spreading malware is by exploiting weak or flawed web servers to plant malware on otherwise benign sites- some very well known.

Geminiviruses are a group of plant DNA viruses characterized by their unique twinned particles, and are currently emerging as a major threat to crop production worldwide.

We further discuss emerging insight into the signaling networks and regulatory proteins that control glucosinolate accumulation during plant development and in response to environmental challenge.