Members such as Germany will soon have to decide whether to replace ageing aircraft with newer dual-capable ones, or settle for cheaper versions that carry only conventional arms.

According to the review, the Air Force wants to "retain a dual-capable fighter" that can drop both conventional and nuclear weapons as the F-16 Fighting Falcon is phased out and replaced by the F-35.

Synthetic biology is a quintessential "dual-use" technology - with broad and varied beneficial applications but also capable of being turned to nefarious, destructive use.