Said Engel, “The 2005 paper was the first biological application of this technique, now we have used 2-D electronic spectroscopy to discover a new phenomenon in photosynthetic systems.

This paper reviews the structure, source, biological function of cecropins and their application in plants and animals, and discuses their existing problems and perspectives.

"Any technological application that USES biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use".