On the basis of this ideal, the Taoist school formulated the management spirit of wuwei erzhi (to govern without exertion).
道家在这一理想的基础上，制定了“无为而治”的管理精神。
2
On the basis of these experiments and of field observations, the so-called law of competitive exclusion was formulated, according to which no two species can occupy the same niche.