The Hamming distance is used in telecommunication to count the number of flipped bits in a fixed-length binary word, an estimateoferror, and so is sometimes called the signal distance.
汉明距离可以在通信中累计定长二进制字中发生翻转的错误数据位，所以它也被称为信号距离。
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The minimum mean square error (MMSE) is computed for each decoding state to estimate optimal parameters and to reduce the influence of the bit error.
After the examples are analyzed, there are problems which need to be solved such as ambiguity, real-time clock bias error and the estimate method of zenith wet delay.