Results: The sporadic outbreak of vibrio cholera has some characters: including non toxic strain infection, low detection rate of plasmid and ct gene and increase of drug resistance.

Of particular threat to the Asian community is the high prevalence of the Beijing strain and is associated with higher frequencies of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensive drug resistance (XDR).

In addition, the type, strain, and virulence of the influenza strain and the nature of the immune response all appear to play a role in determining the likelihood of drug resistance arising.