Bioavailability determinations based on the peak plasma concentration can be misleading, because drugelimination begins as soon as the drug enters the bloodstream.
单靠峰时血浆浓度来确定生物利用度会导致误解，因为药物一进入血流就会开始药物消除。
2
Renal clearance is used to determine renal elimination mechanisms of a drug, which is the result of glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion and reabsorption.
肾清除率常用来表示药物在肾中的排除机制，它是肾小球滤过和肾小管分泌与重吸收的作用结果。
3
Drug delivery through the nasal route has received a lot of attention recently because of its advantages such as rapid absorption, avoidance of first-pass elimination and so on.