The researchers analysed the sizes and structures of ash particles using a variety of techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
研究人员使用不同的技术研究了火山灰颗粒的尺寸和结构，例如原子力显微镜、电子扫描显微镜和X射线衍射。
2
The program includes use of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and other techniques for testing materials on the molecular level.
其中还涉及X射线衍射、电子显微镜及其他仪器的使用，以检测材料的分子结构。
3
The resultant surfaces were characterized by means of SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and water contact Angle measurements.