A formal potential solution for the diffraction problem was established, and the computational formulation for the corresponding diffractionforce was given.
基于分离变量方法，建立了绕射势的级数解，导出了作用于大直径桩柱上的绕射力的计算公式。
2
The researchers analysed the sizes and structures of ash particles using a variety of techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
研究人员使用不同的技术研究了火山灰颗粒的尺寸和结构，例如原子力显微镜、电子扫描显微镜和X射线衍射。
3
In addition, the microstructure of the MgO thin films were examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Morphology (AFM) and Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM).