The dimensionless velocity-profile formula fits not only the depth average velocity profile but also velocity profile of each layer along depth.

Even so, water levels have fallen steeply: the Ganges once had an average depth of about 197 ft. (60 m) around Varanasi, but in some places it is now only 33 ft. (10 m).

They aim to establish the average ice thickness of 10 sites using power drills, snow depth measurements and GPS readings.