法学

• 外交

  It expatiates the reasons of making the New Criminal Code of Qing Dynasty in the aspects of politics, economy, diplomatism and legislation.

  本章从政治、经济、外交、立法等方面阐述了制定《大清新刑律》的原因。

历史学

• 外交

  Owing to the impact of policy,diplomatism and economy factors,the policy of building circumvallation had been in adjustment in the Sung dynasty.

  有宋一代的城池修筑政策,受内政、外交、经济等多方面因素的影响而处于变动调整之中。