In the long-term operation of atmospheric and vacuum heat furnace that use vacuum heavy oil as fuel, thesurface of nailhead furnace tube in the convectionchamber was seriously deposited.
以减压渣油为燃料的常减压加热炉在长期生产运行过程中， 对流室钉头炉管表面结垢严重。
2
These factors include magma composition, convection, diffusion, thermal gradient, oxygen fugacity, temperature, pressure, the shape of magma chamber etc.
影响韵律形成的因素很多，通常包括岩浆成分、对流作用、扩散作用、热梯度、氧逸度、温度和压力等。
3
The measurement chamber must been kept with low vacuum in measuring for that gas convection affecting thermal conductivity is reduced.