The first is the bid-offer spread—the difference between the prices at which market makers are willing to buy and sell securities.
第一项措施就是差价——庄家愿意买卖有价证券的价之间的差距。
2
The surge in trading volumes is also significant; at every stage the finance industry takes a cut in the form of a bid-offer spread, a fee or a commission.
交易量也显著上升； 在每一个阶段，金融业都会以买卖差价、费用或佣金的形式来削减。
3
A recent report on the future of wholesale banking from Morgan Stanley and Oliver Wyman reckons that bid-offer spreads have increased by anything from 50% to 300%.