The deeply studies show the GD intrusions was mixed by magmas from mantle and from lower crust, without the effect of subduction system.

Geophysical studies of the earth's crust and upper mantle in China are important in the understanding of the global plate tectonics and its dynamical system of the whole region.

The volcanic rocks resulted from upper mantle in Mesozoic group, and volcanic rocks from lower crust in Palapene system.