Redundant and sometimes contradictoryinformation stored in disparate databases, which can lead to reporting of erroneous results and faulty business decisions.
多余并有时候矛盾的信息存储在完全不同的数据库内，这将导出错误结果和错误业务决策的报告。
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Dacher Keltner at the University of California, Berkeley, suggests that it is the "feeling that the environment is giving insufficient or contradictoryinformation".
War report has to deal with contradictoryinformation: some good news about the enemy-side, its actions or intentions, as well as some criticism about one's own side, its actions or intentions.