In this paper, the bias of the ratio estimator and the estimate of mean square errors of this estimator with known numerator have been compared and discussed.
给出了分子已知情况下比率估计量的偏差和均方误差以及均方误差的估计，并对两类比率估计量进行了比较。
2
With frequency bias increasing, estimated bias and variance of adaptive frequency estimator (AFE) enlarge.
随着频偏的增大，自适应频率估计的偏差和方差也随之增大。
3
Based on the adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm, an estimator for the GPS PN code tracking error with model bias is proposed.