But the evidence from smart-meter trials in other countries is mixed, according to Sarah Darby, a researcher at the University of Oxford, with demand reduction ranging from 5% to 15%.
For example, meeting growing demand by finding a new source of water or by building a new dam in a place like California could cost up to 60 cents per cubic meter of water.
For those facilities affected by time of day rate structures and or demand charges, the use of electrical meter readings is essential to an efficient operating facility.