Niger Delta Basin is a Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basin and it is located along the triple junction area of African plate and Atlantic plate.

The delta forms where the river empties into a basin in the Kalahari Desert, creating a maze of lagoons, channels and islands where vegetation flourishes, even in the dry season, and wildlife abounds.

The delta deposit characterizing short basin growth time (it's mainly concentrated onto Quaternary), short lithogenous time and low lithogenous level forms an excellent accumulation condition here.