Part two gives an introduction to the present condition of labor shortage on the basis of latest data from various aspects.

In rejecting utility as a measure of value, they arrived at a labor cost theory of value, wherein utility was regarded as a condition or prerequisite of value but not as a measure of it.

This kind of migration is unsteady and the reflux is stronger. Therefore, Chinese rural labor forces are in a floating condition instead of transferring stably toward the city.