The existing solution algorithms or methods are designed to solve the particular bi-level programming models, which are lack of universality.
现有的求解算法或求解方法，都是针对特定的双层规划模型提出的，缺乏通用性和普遍性。
2
Objective To observe noninvasive bi-level positive pressure ventilation for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with acute left heart failure.
目的观察无创双水平气道正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并急性左心衰竭的疗效。
3
To express integrated optimization of multiple hubs location and mixed network design, a bi-level programming model was introduced for mathematical models.