One of the most common digital-signal-processing techniques is the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), which breaks a signal into its component frequencies and can be represented as a matrix.

Collagen is a fibrous protein that is a main component of living bone tissue, in which it forms a so-called collagen matrix.

Using a coordinate transformation matrix, which is formed by these linearly independent mode set, the component equations of motion in generalized coordinates are derived.