To test if lowering cyclic AMP could help restore brain function in these monkeys, the researchers injected tiny amounts of drugs that block it in the vicinity of certain memory-holding neurons.

Moreover, the evolution equations of isotropic deformation resistance which has fading memory on the cyclic deformation behavior of previous history are deveopled.

In some embodiments, a memory device includes a memory array to provide read data bits and a cyclic redundancy code (CRC) generator to generate CRC bits corresponding to the read data bits.