Because complexspecies interactions may be involved, identifying a keystone species by removing the species and observing changes in the ecosystem is problematic.
The complex interplay of species in symbiotic relationships highlights an important point about communities: Their structure depends on a web of diverse connections among organisms.
物种在共生关系中复杂的相互作用突出了群落的一个重要特点：它们的结构取决于生物之间多样的联系网络。
3
Support for this idea came from the observation that long-lasting climax communities usually have more complex food webs and more species diversity than pioneer communities.