In a statement issued in response to both Nissen's and Graham's papers, GSK maintains that six clinical trials completed since 2007, taken together, show no increase in heart attack, stroke or death.

Otto built the practical four-stroke internal combustion engine called the "Otto Cycle Engine, " and as soon as he had completed his engine, he built it into a motorcycle.

The participants completed a survey on alcohol consumption every 4 years until 2002, and all cases of MI and stroke during this time were recorded.