Cardiac pain is transmitted to the cerebral cortex along autonomic nerve fibers and has a variable referral area that can extend from the ear to the umbilicus.

Shortness of breath or chest pain may also be a sign that you're at risk of sudden cardiac death, but these are rare and may be a sign of other health problems in young people, such as asthma.

In fact, men who have anxiety disorders are also at greater risk for cardiac disorders, hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory illness, asthma, and back pain.