An analytic expression for the intensity of the central point in Fresnel's circular aperture diffraction was derived using the methods of vector map and integration respectively.
分别用矢量图解法和积分法导出了菲涅耳圆孔衍射中心场点的光强的解析表示，方便了此类问题的分析。
2
Projection data is obtained from an integration of the reflectivity coefficients of the objects along the circular arc of the wavefront with a radar beamwidth.
反射数据实际上是反射特征系数沿着具有一定雷达波束宽度的波阵面圆弧的积分。
3
Kepler's 3rd law for circular orbits; Building up the shell-force by integration; Spring gun.