This left behind the basin and range topography, as well as mineral and resource rich land that has been of value and use to the cultures that inhabited the region.

The article analyzes characteristics of basin of sediment, sediment sources, sediment extended range changes, and sediment on the Liaohe of Liuhe. Liuhe river basin; sediment sources.

This provides strong geochemical evidences for correctly understanding the evolution of the old Tethys and the basin range transition.