A supply chain is a group of partners who collectively convert a basiccommodity (upstream) into a finished product (downstream) that is valued by end-customers, and who manage returns at each stage.
These companies will rise and fall based on the commodity pricing of basic components, not on the quality of their overall system.
此类公司的成败取决于基本组件的价格变化，而与其整体系统质量关系不大。
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Trite comments such as "squeeze the toothpaste" betray a real lack of thought. People at work crave to feel valued, not reduced to some kind of basic household commodity.