The comparison of formation of ashcontamination layers between on helically finned tube bank and on bare bank under gas solid two phase fluid is discribed.
Coal ash is known to contain dangerous elements including arsenic, lead, and selenium, yet the TVA refused at first to issue any health warnings about contamination from the spill.
Vitrification is the safest disposal method at present. Howevee, some harmful substance volatilized from fly ash in melting process, which caused second contamination.