First, Venice's intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea, where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties, were lost to directtrading.
首先，威尼斯在亚得里亚海的中介功能被直接贸易所取代。威尼斯在该海域曾主导着其他国家的航运业务。
2
The directtrading expense of futures contract trading includes the earnest money, every kinds of trading service charges and so on.
期货合同买卖的直接交易费用有保证金、各种交易手续费等。
3
This has a direct impact, by increasing the financing costs of their trading operations and lowering the value of the bonds they hold.