Beccaria was even of opinion that all men might be poets and orators, and Reynolds that they might be painters and sculptors.

As a founder of modern criminal law, Cesare Beccaria put forward his criminal law ideas and theories based on social contract and Utilitarianism.

In part two, the author discusses the traditional utilitarian theory laid down by Beccaria and Bentham, and then analyses Marxian question put foreword for its justification.