This means that homologous chromosomes failed to pair together during meiosis and chromosomes formed fewer crossovers, i. e. sites where they recombine, during the initial stages of meiosis.

The so-called checkpoint kinases, i. e. the enzymes which perform this controlling, are not directly associated only with the chromosomes, as was previously assumed to be the case.

According to different chromosomes, a region of DNA, e. g., quantitative trait locus (QTL) can be found that is related to a particular phenotypic trait.